Python System & OS
System & OS — OS operations, file I/O, environment, platform, signals, sockets. This group brings together the OS Module, Sys Module, Platform Module, Getpass Module, Signal Module, SSL Module, Socket Module, IP Address Module, Stat Module, Filecmp Module categories of the Python standard library. os.getcwd() returns the current working directory as a string. os.chdir() changes the current working directory to the given path. os.listdir() returns a list of all files and directories in the given path. os.mkdir() creates a single directory. Raises FileExistsError if it already exists. os.makedirs() creates all intermediate directories as needed (like mkdir -p). Representative APIs from this group include os.getcwd(), os.chdir(), os.listdir(), os.mkdir(), os.makedirs(), os.remove(), os.rmdir(), os.removedirs(). Each category page in this group lists its functions with syntax, parameters, return values, and runnable examples, so the group works as a map of a whole area of the standard library.