secrets.randbelow()
secrets.randbelow() is a Python function in the Secrets Module category. Returns a cryptographically secure random integer in [0, n). The syntax is secrets.randbelow(exclusive_upper_bound). Parameters: exclusive_upper_bound. Returns: Integer. A typical example: secrets.randbelow(100) # 0-99 secure random. A close sibling is secrets.token_bytes(), which returns cryptographically secure random bytes (for tokens, keys, etc.). A close sibling is secrets.token_hex(), which returns a random hex string (for secure tokens). A close sibling is secrets.token_urlsafe(), which returns a URL-safe random string (base64 encoded, no padding). A close sibling is secrets.compare_digest(), which compares two strings in constant time (mitigates timing attacks). More about this category: Cryptographic secure random — token_bytes, token_hex, compare_digest. Related Secrets Module entries: secrets.token_bytes(), secrets.token_hex(), secrets.token_urlsafe(), secrets.compare_digest(), secrets.choice(), secrets.SystemRandom(). This page is part of the free Python Reference documentation covering 978+ functions, methods, and modules with examples and parameter details. You can try secrets.randbelow() immediately in the Python playground, look up unfamiliar terms in the glossary, or return to the Python Reference homepage.